Friday, July 18, 2014

Guest Author Tom Grounder - Thoughts & Issues of Security

Tom Grounder, an NRA Certified Instructor and owner of Defensive Logic, is our guest author today.  Tom is passionate about teaching people to be prepared to defend themselves. His philosophy on the subject is summed up in the name of his company: Defensive Logic. Personal security is best approached in a logical manner and with an individual approach. What is right and what works for me is very likely to be different than what is right for you.  This is where the "logic" comes in to play.

On Saturday, July 19th, I will be joining Tom on his radio show, also called Defensive Logic.  If you are local to Colorado Springs, you can find the show on 98.5 FM and 1040 AM. Or you can listen to the live streaming broadcast at 


Click on the link, then on the banner at the top, click on "Listen LIVE I-25 Talk Colorado Springs"

Tom's program runs every Saturday from 9:00 AM until 11:00 AM Mountain Time. 

Thank you, Tom, for this excellent article on the topic of preparing.

Thoughts and issues of Security.

I do not consider myself a “dooms-dayer”, “end of worlder” or even a survivalist as defined by many.  I do however believe in the practice of self defense. self reliance and being prepared.   I believe that for one “to not” consider this as a normal outlook on life is a disservice to not only you as a human, but to your loved ones and those whom you consider friends.  

I have a strong feeling that the direction of our society is driving very quickly towards a deep and rapid decline.  That being said, I don’t believe that a cataclysmic event is absolutely on our horizon.  As an optimist I still think that we can pull ourselves back.  Unfortunately I feel that we are at a tipping point that could go at any time with the right push.   What that push may be…I don’t know.  But I don’t believe shoving your head in the sand is the way to approach the possibility.  There will be enough of those types you may have to contend with should events materialize and a social “tanking” becomes reality.  

It is becoming more apparent to me that the need for personal security and scenarios of defense are issues that not only require discussion, but should be seriously implemented and prepped for by all.  

The world, and our precarious place in it, is rapidly evolving.   To use the term “tense and uncertain” is not out of line or context.   I realize that some may feel that my “vision” of the near future is over the top and perhaps totally unrealistic.  That being said here it is. 

In light of the world scene (global tensions, issues of debt, rising prices, unemployment and a clear decline in moral standards)… I believe that a boiling point is close to its peak in this country and world-wide.  A scenario of drastic actions in defense of you, your family, home and immediate neighbors could be a real possibility.  I’m not seeing some “Mad Max” wasteland type of life, but I do believe that the reality of an economic and social collapse of our nation and ramifications to our daily lives could be very close at hand.   Is it absolutely certain??  No,... but highly probable.  

But as with anything else… fortune and luck favors those who can think outside the box and prepare.    I’m not talking about cutting all ties… packing up the family and heading to the mountains.   “Bugging Out” as it is called.  I am no fan of the bug out scenario.  To me, I can think very few situations that would force me to leave my home.  The things we have worked for all our lives and have now…the home and its contents are too critical to walk away from if you need not.  

This includes family members as well as tangible possessions.  You have shelter, protection from the elements, comfort items, the knowledge of the lay of the land around you.  Why would you leave this for an uncertain condition in the boonies??    I do believe that the most crucial period in the event of collapse (economically, power grid loss, food shortage, natural disaster, whatever) will be an almost immediate social breakdown of common decent standards.  This critical time is the “panic phase” in which the reality of what is happening has not fully absorbed into the minds of the masses and panic reaction sets in.  Grabbing of the supplies by any means is a given.

 Let’s take the most likely of disaster scenarios.  Not some off the hook scenario like a Zombie Apocalypse or Alien Invasions…I’m talking real scenarios that face us.  My biggest concern is power grid loss for extended time.  The reason is irrelevant.    If you think this is not a realistic situation, think again.  If you need to have validation…( Katrina, the East Coast Super Storm Sandy, Tornados, a massive snowstorm, torrential flooding, terroristic attack on a city infrastructure, power stations)…you can think of reasons yourself.   Things can happen. The magnitude of them can be small or massive. 

Imagine the Boston Marathon Bombing had the explosion been bigger.  How hard would it have been to create another fertilizer bomb like the one used in Ok City?  Being a veteran of terrorist events from as far back in the late 70’s and early 80’s in Europe, I have no doubt that it is just a matter of time before the technique of small individual attacks (suicide bombers) on targets of lesser value, but higher emotional impact (small town America) begin. Should such a loss of electrical power occur, the time frame for such loss of power could and can far exceed 30 days with no end is in sight.

 Grocery stores carry at best 3 to 4 days of supplies based on the neighborhood it serves.  It will be empty of most usable items within 12 to 36 hours of the event. 
  
Procurement of food, shelter, viable goods, medical supplies, weapons, amunition (there is no limit to this list)… will be sought by others that did not foresee and plan ahead.  In a very short period, (hours or less) the fear and panic turns to simple, basic survival.   The panic grab turns to a hostile and brutally violent procurement event.  The rule becomes “Get what you can to survive”.

 What I want you to remember most of all is simple in its concept… If you have prepared and have stored supplies, this will be sought out by those who failed to take such measures.  Predatory humans will be looking of it.  Sharing with you is not in their plan.   Taking it from you is!!   For you, defending it will be inevitable.   

The mindset of “I cannot or will not take a life”….due to a moral conflict is beyond my understanding.   Your life and that of you families will be at stake here.   Will you really just let it happen?? If you’re inclined to think that you may be able to reason with these people, keep in mind that their mindset is survival rooted in fear and panic.  The capacity for reasoning is limited if not non-existent.   You’re kidding yourself if you think you can talk them into simply moving on.

It is naïve to think that you will be able to appeal to their humanity and good will.  Survival trumps any and all decent human or “Christian” traits that may have existed.  Do not think that I am abandoning the belief in God or faith itself.  I believe!  I believe God will be there, but you have a responsibility to take part in your defense.  I also believe that God expects us to take measures to defend ourselves.  I believe that God helps those who help themselves.  We will come back to faith later in this.

Like most of us, few are owners of large, isolated parcels of land.   You’re generally surrounded on all sides by neighbors. You home is your castle.  It’s not easy to walk away from.  And you certainly have no desire to give it up. 

Unfortunately, our general lifestyles have created little “camps” of isolationist that for the most part, might know the names of those living close to them,  but few can recall the names of someone outside of a 3 to 5 house range in either direction up the street.     In the event of a crisis, this little neighborhood of yours, (your street, block, whatever), will become your best chance at initial survival should the time come.  No doubt that safety is favored by numbers and thus the ability to present a formidable defense. 

But knowing who those persons are and what they are capable of is crucial.  Again, imagine the most basic of a crisis event…a complete, long term failure of the power grid in which all electrical power is lost for an extended time.  By extended I suggest a minimal of 30+ days and or beyond.  The longer it goes, the worse the effect is across the masses.   Foods supplies dwindle to nothing in a matter of days.   Easy fuel dispensing is over immediately.  No lights.  Electric cooking is gone! Refrigeration is gone!  In certain areas water flow may be reduced substantially or lost altogether.  Water treatment facilities will fail to operate.  Potable water will be tough to find within 5 to 10 days.  There is more to consider so at this point let your mind wander. But stay in reality mode.  So if you’re hoping to have some kind of neighborhood interaction and begin your prep,… try this.

PREPARATION:   The key to beginning a plan of defense is getting to know your neighbors.   Throw a block party if you must.  Drag your grill out front.  Illicit help and get a simple burgers and dogs fare going…encourage them to bring a side.  Make it kid friendly!  I would always suggest that you make it as alcohol free as possible.  This is not out of some moral concern.   You want to know your neighbors as they are…clear headed and “normal”.   Be the spokesman if needed.  At some point, and maybe not at this particular event, start engaging in conversation regarding your views and explain this is why you are getting to know who is around you.  If it feels right, address the group.  You may never get to this at a party/gathering.  

Often the effect you have is gradual. Over time more neighbors get to know what you’re about and they either accept it or they don’t.  If you do get the opportunity to address a group, be prepared!!  Be honest in your reason.   Explain that as a source of protection, the collective eyes and ears of the camp are the best line of defense.  Get names on papers, addresses, names and ages of children, PHONE NUMBERS!!!  Make a roster and pass it around to all the neighbors.     

This simple beginning will yield incredible info and increase your ability to actively protect!     Keep this in mind, should a calamity happen, in most cities and towns, small neighborhoods, a simple block of homes, your street, will become individual zones of activity and security.  Each small block can and most likely will become instant, contained camps.  

The inhabitants of these “camps” will be reliant of each other for support, help and very likely, survival.   There is always safety in numbers.  But the numbers must be controlled in a crisis situation.  The harsh reality is that it may be necessary to “cull” those that are clearly a threat to the security and safety of the camp. 

As with most camp operations, there will quickly emerge a leader.  This position will be crucial to organizing security, determination of welfare and delegation of responsibilities.  Once the alpha is identified, support and assume a role according to your abilities, experience and expertise.   If a specific “alpha” does not emerge during your party, expect it to be you.  Take the challenge and do the best you can.  Regardless of who is the designated leader, a chain of command must be established in the event of a loss.

COLLECTIVE TALENT:   As you get to know your closest neighbors… who has what talents? Who has what abilities?   This is very important to learn.  A community is made up of personalities and abilities…all different, but equally important to create a sense of “normal”.   Not all are defenders and fighters.  Perhaps you have a person with an engineering background, mechanical abilities, a medical professional, a teacher, a spiritual minister, builder, carpenter, growers, someone with canning abilities, hunters, and so on!    Know who these people are if you can.  

Regardless of their contribution and skills, they may be called on to perform a duty for which they were not prepared for and had never thought of in the capacity that you’re asking.  Bear in mind that some persons can never take a role of a fighter, or defender.  Know who these people are and do all you can to avoid pressing them into such events.   

BELIEFS:  This is touchy subject.  Make your own determinations here.   For me, I look at it this way. “Among all persons, the desire to be safe and have a place in a group of those determined to have that security… will (and should) trump any and all issue of what some may perceive God to be and what your differences may be to that.” I can look past a person’s religious followings of faith, or lack of, if they are willing to co-exist for survival and the good of the camp.

Me personally I believe in God. Faith is central to my family.  I’m far from perfect in my actions to be “right with God” and whatever that brings me when I’m called,…so be it.   But I try. I believe that in a crisis, God will expect me to stand my ground and if my role is to defend the members of my family or group / neighbors with deadly force to ensure their and my survival, I will meet that challenge with no hesitation.

Religious conversions in crisis events are a sure thing.  Many will begin to turn to it, others will lose it.  I personally believe that in a camp as I described, if you have a spiritual base and leadership in the form of a pastor or minister (ordained or not), you have a core of morality that must be present.   It will make the tasks that we all may face easier to deal with if a strong spiritual refuge is among you.  It grounds you.

TACTICAL  ABILITIES:   The reality of this is the need for a defined mission oriented defense goal for your community or camp.  Each person should have a clear understanding that looting and raids by those seeking to get what they can is an undeniable fact of any disaster, crisis or event that disrupts the normal flow of our lives.  Generally, at the onset of the event, there is a vast amount of mass mobs that will clear a shopping district of goods. 

Homes that have been evacuated by either choice or by order become prime targets for thieves and those seeking shelter.  Law Enforcement resources are dispersed very thin or may not exist at this point and responding to a call for a home invasion to protect your home and those around you is not practical to expect.

This is your responsibility.   The interesting thing about this is that it always has been.  This sits at the root of our nation and its founding principles.   Keep in mind, the term “tactical ability” is not limited to combat action or whatever so many feel is depicted in any number of movies, TV shows and video games.   True tactical security allows you sustain!!!!!   To have, to use, to live, to have a life, and to defend it with distinct advantages and with whatever degree of ferocity is needed based on the nature of the threat.

VIOLENCE OF ACTION:   This is a serious conversation here.  Have you ever really sat down and pondered this?  What is your capability should you be faced with a scenario that can very quickly evolve into a life or death situation?
 Like so many other things, few of us really face this issue.   In the event of a crisis ( and if you need an example again, Katrina and most recently Sandy on the east coast )  riots, looting, murder and many other violent crimes against those that could not defend themselves in the wake of the storm did and will occur!!!!   This will be no different in the future and has been a constant in every crisis situation in the past on this planet.   The media covers all the tragedy, but there was very little coverage of the neighbors that banned together and pooled their resources to collectively survive.   I can assure you that each crisis has such examples.  For you, you must determine now that if you are faced with a threat to your survivability (included family members or even the group)… to what degree will you go to protect it?? 

Violence of action determines not only the amount of force unleashed but most importantly, the speed and prejudice in which it is delivered!   The rule I teach in firearm training for defense is “AVOID & DE-ESCALATE!   Avoid the confrontation if you can. If you cannot, give every opportunity to allow de-escalation.   Keep in mind these options could be exhausted in seconds. 
But if you can look into yourself after a confrontation in which you took a life and you can say that you exhausted the options of avoidance and de-escalation to your adversary, then go about your day and look back no further. 

GET SERIOUS IN TRAINING AND PREPARATION:   To many… often in the camp, within our families and others we may know, the idea of a firearm is a scary thing. It is something they cannot see themselves using our even being around.  And I don’t see them as wrong.  This is a personal feeling that is based in real and tangible fears for them.  Firearms can be dangerous.  People can be hurt by them in innocent ways.  You may never get these folks to change their minds and you must learn to adapt to that.   

The principle idea of a firearm for protection and for provisions is as old as far back as the late 1400,s and beyond.  It is a part of our heritage and our duty as Americans to heed the words of our founding fathers to be the most independent, resourceful, and FREE people on the planet.  It is your duty to carry this into the future for your family and for them to carry forward for their families.  

I could opt to face the challenges of the future without…but I would far prefer to be well armed and trained.    Why???  In a crisis world where an injury that we normally think of as repairable or healable, won’t be so if immediate medical attention is not available or simple antibiotics are not.  Standards of cleanliness may decline due to lack of basic things we take for granted.   The first luxury that will become in short supply could be water.  Injuries, small and thought of as a “boo-boo” can become infected, and fester to a point of death.   Over time our bodies have become less able to ward off the effects of infections on their own. Until we rebuild that ability we must be careful.

 The lack of simple cleaning abilities/items like soap, anti-biotic ointments and a band-aids (and the fact that our bodies have lost certain abilities to fight such infections due to modern medicine) can cause what was once a small inconsequential cut to become a life threatening issue.  This is something that I cannot risk for myself or family.   I want to have the greatest advantage… in the worst situations that can occur… that I can provide.   I feel it is your duty to yourself and your family to provide it as well.  

A cut that festers to infection can take only a few days to a couple of weeks to weaken you or even end your life in a few of months.   Being in good health and acquiring firearms for defense and procurement is essential.  What’s the most important reason to get and learn to use firearms?????  Your aggressors will have them and will use them against you!   Stay fit and rifle up!     

 As you begin to come closer to the neighbors that you know you can depend on, learn what their resources are.   What weapons and calibers do you have in common?   Do you know their level of proficiency in shooting?  What is yours for that matter?   Are you a stand up “static” shooter from behind a bench on line at your local range?  Or do you actually practice the discipline of shooting under pressure?

 Do you practice draws?   In the event of home intruder / invasion...do you know the sounds of your home?   Do you know the creaks, pops and distinct noise that you can associate with someone moving in your home?  

Do you know how to clear you home?  Where are your fire / no fire zones?   What are the “fatal funnels” for you and your threat?   What is your best area of control for defense and offense… your “God Spot”?

Are you completely up on the ballistics of rounds used in your home defense weapons?  What are the penetration abilities?  What lies behind walls that may be a back drop to gunfire?   

 Another concern that is often looked over is the reaction of your family.  Can you be sure that your family will be out of any zones that may hold a fire fight? 
Do your kids know what to do?   Of those old enough to handle a firearm, do they know the proper technique? Have they shot them before?  Do they know how to gain access to them?   All of this should be considered long before you are in the situation and need to know.  

GET YOUR FAMLY, FRIENDS, NEIGHBOR (s) TO A RANGE.  If you have specific expertise in the area of firearms, offer your knowledge to those that lack it.  

The most rewarding thing that I ever do is turn someone on to the joy of shooting and awaken a defensive posture in them!  You may very well change their life.  And you very well may have to rely on them to help save yours    
SHOOT, SHOOT AND SHOOT SOME MORE:   There is no substitute for trigger time and training in different scenarios.  Most states, and Colorado is abundant…have federal lands that allows open shooting.  In such areas…your imagination is the limit to the scenarios that you can create to train on.  Be creative!!  Shoot at varying distances, angles, firing from prone, kneeling, on your back, behind cover, wounded wing one arm...weak side.  Do a static shoot, and then sprint as fast as you can away from the shooting point and sprint back.  Do the same shoot, do it under a time constraint then see how your skills deteriorate! 

 Studies show that regardless of your training level or expertise when your adrenaline and stress level is elevated, your fine motor skills diminish.  Your vision tunnels and hearing will often become directional and go into a mode of filtering.   It’s termed as “auditory exclusion”.  


There is much to learn if you choose to be more prepared and this is just a skimming of the surface. Take it as far and you like.  Range time is not feasible to many with the lack of ammunition. Practice indoor “dry fire” exercises with snap caps.   Although not legal in most city limits, a BB or pellet rifle is a great way to keep up on shooting skills in with little cost and no noise to the neighborhood.  

This is not intended to make you live a ridiculous life of prepping by going nuts. Be reasonable.   Look at what you can do to help you and your family sustain for a minimum of three to six months.  

Get started now!  It is never too late!  

Wednesday, July 16, 2014

Renee's First Radio Program

Very exciting news here at Crossed Sabers!  I have been invited to be a guest on a radio talk show called Defensive Logic. I'll be talking about the importance of becoming more self-reliant/self-sufficient as well as some of my experiences turning Crossed Sabers Ranch into a working homestead.

The show will air on Saturday, July 19th from 9:00 AM until 11:00 AM Mountain time. 

If you are local to Colorado Springs, CO, you can find the show on FM 98.5 and AM 1040.

Otherwise, you can find the program streaming live online at:



My segment will start at approximately 9:30 AM Mountain time and run for about the next hour.

I would love it if you tuned in to the show!  I'd especially love it if you tuned in and then called the show to add your ideas, thoughts, and opinions.  

Wish me luck on my first ever radio talk show appearance!

Monday, July 14, 2014

Living with Pigs - Update on Month #2!

Living with Pigs!

My friend and fellow homesteader Barb is back with an update on the two pigs she and her husband are raising. 

I've got to admit that I'm jealous, since I'd love to raise pigs but don't have the set up to do so!

And while you're reading, take a closer look at the water system they're using. Ingenious!

Without further ado, here's Barb with her update:



We have had our cute little pigs for over 1 month now and I must say they are not cute little pigs anymore.  I cannot believe how much they have grown in the last month.  It is a good thing humans don’t grow like that.

We have named them Priscilla and Hamlet even though I know we will be sending them to slaughter.
Hamlet is much bigger than Priscilla as he tries to hog all the food, no pun intended. They love the mud puddle I have created in their pen.  



I am still putting sunscreen on their ears only now, I have realized that pigs do like to sleep late like teenagers.  I go down every morning at 5AM and they are sleeping and don’t care that I am slobbering sunscreen on their ears.

I asked my husband one night if he knew if pigs swam as I was nervous about letting them out of their pen because of our pond.  He said he didn’t know but then a friend sent me a video of a pig saving a goat in the water.  Priscilla and Hamlet had their first outing on Sunday to our pond; oh they loved the mud in the pond.  


Oh what fun they had they looked like little statues with mud all over them

We rearranged their stall so they would have more room; we moved their water tank to the side so they can get in and out of their door to the outside easier since they are getting so big.  

We bought them a bigger feeder since they kept emptying their smaller one.  


Now at work I don’t have to worry if they run out of food.  They like to knock over their outside water buckets but I don’t have to worry about them not having anything to drink as they have their 55 gallon drum inside with their nipple on it.

All in all they are fun to have they grunt as soon as they hear me coming down at night and  they start squealing like crazy as they know I have people food for them .  I never knew that pigs squeal like that out of excitement.  People at work bring me their scraps too, to feed the pigs.

Their pen is right next to my garden. They love talking to me while I am weeding the garden as they know they are going to be thrown all the weeds.

Well that is living with pigs month 2.

I will update next month on their progress.

Monday, June 9, 2014

Roast Your Own Coffee

I'm excited to present another guest author today!

Steve is an urban homesteader friend of mine and has tried something I thought was a great idea. Steve is roasting coffee in small batches for his own use.  Did you know you could do that? Roast coffee yourself? Honestly, the thought never occurred to me, but gosh, I'm excited to try it now!  

Here is the article he graciously wrote to describe his experience. Thank you, Steve!

                Not long ago at dinner the topic of coffee came up. It seems that due to the drought in South America we can expect coffee prices to rise as much as 25% some time in 2014. And we all know that once the prices rise on anything, rarely will we see them come back down to what we're used to. Add to that my favorite place to buy fresh roasted coffee decided to stop roasting in house and instead started having it shipped in. This got me to thinking about roasting my own coffee, I mean how hard can it be...right?

                The first commercial coffee roasting machine came out in the 1940's, that means every bean roasted up until then was done by hand. Out on a cattle drive over an open fire to the fanciest hotels they roasted by hand. So like everything I'm interested in, I started researching.  And truth told I found that there is no real mystery to roasting coffee, no double top secret recipes and no high priced equipment required. With a few necessities and some patience it's possible to roast fantastic coffee at home and for a fraction of the cost.

                First let's talk beans. Un-roasted coffee beans (actually they are seeds) 

 are pale-greenish in color. They are small, hard and there is a huge variety out there from every continent. Un-roasted or green coffee beans are cheap and can be stored for several months. You can find hundreds of places to buy green coffee beans online for prices that range anywhere from $5.00 per lb for Sumatra to as high as $15.00 per lb for Jamaican Blue. I found a local place here in Albuquerque that sells green coffee beans from all over the world for $6 per lb. You can find beans from all sorts of exotic places and you can buy directly from small farmers as opposed to buying from big business. The sky is the limit on what type of bean you roast, try beans from different continents and see how different they are.

 Next let's talk about roasting the beans. Understand there are all sorts of different ways people roast coffee, all you need is high even heat and a way to keep the beans moving. You can roast in a frying pan on the stove, in a hot air popcorn popper, a Wok,  in the oven and use a hot air gun. My first attempt was on the stove in a skillet. Seemed simple, you turn on the burner, pour in the beans and stirring like crazy. Let me stop here and give the guys a friendly warning. Before deciding you're going to roast coffee in your wife's skillet, on her stove and in her kitchen you may want to warn her ahead of time. Walking in on a smoke filled kitchen, smelling to high heaven with bits of chaff floating in the air....well let's just say I get myself in the darndest messes.

So...how did it come out? Actually not bad at all. What I did notice was how unevenly the beans roasted.

Some were very dark where others were a light tan. This was a result of two things, first my heat was too high and second I did not stir the beans often enough to get an even roast. This method would clearly take some time to get good at so I started looking at other options. After a good bit of consideration here's the method I settled on. 

The Whirley Pop popcorn popper! 

Remember those? It's the perfect set-up for roasting coffee. The pan is large, has a lid which helps with even heat and the wire rotating inside keeps the beans moving which results in a much more even roast

Some information on what's happening when you roast a coffee bean. The bean goes through several stages and color changes. One of the best explanations I have found is at the following link 

Sweet Maria's How to Get Started Roasting Coffee

Here's how I do it:

Turn on stove and get the Whirley Pop hot, you're looking for a temp of between 375 and 400 to start. You will notice in the pic I added a thermometer to the Whirley Pop. 

This is something you'll want to consider to help better manage the heat at first. After roasting several batches I roast now by sight and sound.

Once the Whirley Pop is good and hot, pour in the beans. I found 8 oz. to be a good amount to roast at one time and still get an even roast. Now Crank, Look and Listen!

The beans will begin to change color, turning yellow, then light tan and eventually depending on the roast very dark. Keep that handle cranking, as the beans get hotter the window of time between a good tasting roast and charcoal gets smaller and smaller.

Listen for what is known as the "First Crack", this is a distinct sound made by the bean as the internal temperature rises and causes the water and oils to escape. It will sound much like a kernel of corn popping, or maybe the sound of a toothpick snapping in two. And just like when you pop popcorn you're listening for when most of the popping stops.

At the moment of First Crack the bean is considered roasted and you could stop here. This would be a very light roast, almost like tea. Most of us however prefer a darker roast so continue to roast the beans, again cranking continuously. You are now listening for the "Second Crack". I have found this to be more subtle than the first crack, almost like the sound Rice Krispies makes when you first pour milk on it. At the point of second crack you are well on your way to a dark roast. I like a dark roast so this is where I usually think about stopping depending on the color of the beans. 

Once you reach the roast you're looking for remove the beans immediately from the Whirley Pop and cool them, this will keep the hot beans from continuing to roast. I use two colanders and pour the beans back and forth between them. You will also have the roasted exterior of the bean known as the chaff floating around as you do this. Blow on the beans as you cool them and the chaff will float away.
Now here's the main point. Somewhere between the first and second crack is the place where your favorite roast sits. Nobody else knows where it's at and the only way you're going to find it is through experience. It will only take you a few roasts to know by the color, smell and sound of the beans that you're at the place that brings you what you think is the best cup of coffee.

A couple final comments. Be aware that this can produce a lot of smoke depending on how dark you roast and it will smell up the kitchen. Open a few windows and you should be fine, better yet move outdoors and roast on a grill or camping stove like I did (ok I was kicked out).

Finally I have given you a cursory explanation of how I roast my coffee, what works for me. I'm sure I left out information that I'll remember later. Roasting coffee is like anything else, there is a wide range of opinions out there. There are also lots of very good resources online that will give you good information and  good ideas on how to roast your own coffee. I encourage you to spend time reading, learning and finding the way that you feel best helps you with what is the freshest cup of coffee you'll ever taste.


God Bless